Intestinal microbiome
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What is the intestinal microbiota?
It is the community of trillions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa, that live in homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. This collection of microorganisms plays a crucial role in digestion, nutrient absorption, immunity and mental health.
What causes intestinal dysbiosis?
Intestinal dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, can have multiple causes including:
- Genetic predisposition may influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
- An unhealthy diet, especially one rich in processed sugars and saturated fats, can alter the intestinal microbiota.
- Chronic stress can alter the intestinal microbiota leading to negative outcomes for the patient.
- Gastrointestinal infections lead to an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
- Medications, such as antibiotics, can alter the eubiosis state of the intestinal microbiota.
What is the incidence of intestinal dysbiosis?
The incidence of intestinal dysbiosis varies according to the population studied. It is estimated that up to 70% of people with depression or anxiety may have intestinal dysbiosis.
How is intestinal dysbiosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis can be made by analysis of different samples from the patient, including:
- Stool analysis allows identification of the composition of the intestinal microbiota by DNA sequencing.
- Microbial cultures allow identification of the specific bacteria present in the intestinal microbiota.
- Serological tests allow detection of antibodies produced by the immune system to specific bacteria present in the intestinal microbiota.
How does the intestinal microbiota study help the medical specialist?
The study of the intestinal microbiota can help the medical specialist identify the causes of intestinal dysbiosis, develop strategies to improve mental and digestive health, or personalise treatment for psychiatric disorders.
In which cases is the study of the intestinal microbiota indicated?
The study of the intestinal microbiota may be indicated in the following cases:
- People with psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety or schizophrenia.
- People with gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
- People with a family history of psychiatric disorders.
- People taking medications that may alter the intestinal microbiota.
Author: Paqui Lozano